Introduction: Decoding the Mystery Light
There is nothing more stressful than seeing the Check Engine Light pop up on your dashboard. Is it a loose gas cap? Or is your engine about to blow?
The good news: Your car is trying to tell you exactly what is wrong. By using an OBD-II scanner, you can get a specific "Trouble Code."
At Automotive-Leader, we help DIYers save thousands on mechanic bills. This guide breaks down the most common codes we see, links to detailed repair guides, and points you to the exact parts you need.
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New to diagnostics? Start here: [📖How to Use an OBD-II Scanner: Your DIY Guide to Car Diagnostics]
1. O2 Sensor & Catalytic Converter Codes (The Most Common)
These are the most frequent codes because oxygen sensors wear out over time.
P0420 / P0430: Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold
Mechanics often quote $1,500+ to replace the catalytic converter for this code. Stop! In many cases, the converter is fine, but the downstream Oxygen Sensor is giving false readings.
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Don't get ripped off: [📖The P0420 Code Ultimate Guide: Fix It Without Buying a New Catalytic Converter]
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Toyota Owners Special: [📖How to Fix Toyota Camry P0420 Code Without Replacing the Catalytic Converter]
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Need a Downstream Sensor? [🛒Shop Downstream O2 Sensors (Fix P0420)]
P0130 - P0167: O2 Sensor Circuit Malfunctions
These codes usually mean the sensor itself is dead, or the heater inside it has failed (especially in cold weather).
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P0134/P0135: Common on Hondas, indicating the sensor isn't heating up.
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Fix it guide: [📖How to Fix Honda Civic 1.8L Check Engine Light P0134 / P0135]
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Shop Parts: [🛒Shop Honda O2 Sensors]
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General Diagnosis: [📖 A Professional Guide to Diagnosing and Resolving O2 Sensor Trouble Codes]
2. Fuel System Codes (Rich, Lean & Misfires)
Is your engine shaking or losing power? It might be a fuel delivery issue.
P0171 (Lean) & P0172 (Rich)
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P0172 (System Too Rich): Means too much fuel is entering the engine. This is a classic sign of a Leaking Fuel Injector.
P0300 - P0306: Engine Misfires
If your car feels like it's "stuttering," you have a misfire. While spark plugs are often blamed, don't overlook the Ignition Coils or clogged Injectors.
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Troubleshooting: [📖Engine Misfire Guide (P0300-P0306): Is It Spark Plugs or Ignition Coils?]
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Honda Jazz/Fit Owners: [📖Honda Fit / Jazz Jerking Acceleration? Why Ignition Coils Are the Usual Suspect]
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Shop Coils: [🛒Shop Ignition Coils Collection]
3. Starting & Timing Codes (Crank & Cam Sensors)
If your car struggles to start, stalls at stoplights, or won't start at all, look at these codes.
P0335 / P0340: Crankshaft & Camshaft Position Sensors
These sensors tell the computer where the engine is spinning. If they fail, the car won't run.
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Understanding the relationship: [📖 P0340 vs. P0335: Why You Should Replace Camshaft and Crankshaft Sensors Together]
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Hyundai/Kia Guide: [📖The Ultimate Guide to Hyundai & Kia Starting Issues: P0335 & Crankshaft Sensors]
4. Exhaust Temperature Codes (Diesel & Turbo)
Common in modern diesel engines or turbo cars (like VW/Audi/Subaru).
P0544: EGT Sensor Circuit (Bank 1 Sensor 1)
A failed Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) sensor can ruin your fuel economy and prevent DPF regeneration.
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What is it? [📖EGT Sensors Explained: What is Code P0544 and How to Fix High Exhaust Temps]
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Detailed breakdown: [📖The Complete Guide to EGT Sensors: Symptoms of Failure, P0544 Codes & Replacement Cost]
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Shop Parts: [🛒Shop EGT Sensors for VW, Subaru, and More]
Conclusion: Fix the Code, Save the Car
Ignoring a check engine light can lead to a "Domino Effect" of expensive repairs. Whether it's a $30 sensor or a $50 injector, fixing it early is always cheaper.
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